Definition of Terms Essay

A pre-Socratic Greek realist logician. Democritus was an understudy of Leucippus and co-originator of the conviction that all issue is comprised of different perpetual, inseparable components which he called atoma or â€Å"indivisible units†, from which we get the English word particle. Mesopotamia A support of progress topographically situated between the Tigris and Euphrates streams, to a great extent relating to advanced Iraq. Sumer in southern Mesopotamia is normally viewed as the world’s most punctual progress. Urban communities in Mesopotamia later filled in as capitals of the Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Mitanni, Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, Parthian, Sassanid and Abbasid realms. Thought An idea or deliberation framed and existing in the brain. Human capacity to ponder thoughts is related with the capacity of thinking, self-reflection, and the capacity to get and apply mind. Further, thoughts offer ascent to real ideas, or psyche speculations, which are the reason for any sort of information whether science or theory. Humbaba A massive monster of prehistoric age raised by Utu, the Sun. Humbaba orHuwawa was likewise the watchman of the Cedar Forest where the divine beings lived. Anubis The Greek name for the antiquated jackal-headed divine force of the dead in Egyptian folklore whose hieroglyphic variant is all the more precisely spelled Anpu. He is otherwise called Sekhem Em Pet. Supplications to Anubis have been discovered cut on the most antiquated burial places in Egypt; without a doubt, the Unas text (line 70) partners him with the Eye of Horus. He fills in as both a guide of the as of late withdrew and a gatekeeper of the dead. Kumarbi bit off the private parts of Anu and spat out three new divine beings. This is connected in the Hittite fantasy Kingship in Heaven: Alalu was toppled by Anu who was thus ousted by Kumarbi. At the point when Anu attempted to escape Kumarbi gnaws off his privates. Anu tells his child that he is currently pregnant with the Teshub, Tigris and Tasmisu. After hearing this Kumarbi spit the semen upon the ground and it became impregnated with two kids. Kumarbi gets pregnant and is sliced open to convey Tesub. Together, Anu and Teshub dismiss Kumarbi Tammuz Tammuz was set up to pay tribute to the eponymous god Tammuz, who began as a Sumerian shepherd-god, Dumuzid or Dumuzi, the partner of Inanna and, in his Akkadian structure, the equal associate of Ishtar. The Syrian Adonis (â€Å"lord†), who was brought into the Greek pantheon, is another partner of Tammuz,son and associate. The Aramaic name â€Å"Tammuz† appears to have been gotten from the Akkadian structure Tammuzi, in view of early Sumerian Damu-zid. Theocracy A type of government where political influence successfully rests with a little tip top fragment of society (regardless of whether recognized by riches, family or military forces). The word theocracy is from the Greek words for â€Å"few†. Aton was the focal point of Akhenaten’s religion, yet seeing Aton as Akhenaten’s god is a disentanglement. Aton is the name given to speak to the sun based plate. The term Aton was utilized to assign a plate, and since the sun was a circle, slowly became related with sun oriented divinities. Aton communicates in a roundabout way the nurturing power of light. Babylon A city of old Mesopotamia, the remnants of which can be found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq, around 85 kilometers (55 mi) south of Baghdad. It was the â€Å"holy city† of Babylonia from around 2300 BC, and the seat of the Neo-Babylonian Empire from 612 BC. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The Iliad The sonnet concerns occasions during the tenth and last year in the attack of the city of Ilion, or Troy, by the Greeks (See Trojan War). The word Iliad implies â€Å"pertaining to Ilion† (in Latin, Ilium), the city legitimate, instead of Troy (in Greek, , Troia; in Latin, Troia), the state based on Ilium, over which Priam ruled. The names Ilium and Troy are regularly utilized reciprocally. Hyksos An Asiatic people who attacked the eastern Nile Delta, starting the Second Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt. They rose to control in the seventeenth century BC, (as indicated by the conventional order) and managed Lower and Middle Egypt for a long time, framing the Fifteenth and conceivably the Sixteenth Dynasties of Egypt, (c. 1648â€1540 BC). [1] This 108-year time frame follows the Turin Canon, which gives the six lords of the Hyksos fifteenth Dynasty an all out rule length of 108 years. [2] Epimetheus Epimetheus (â€Å"hindsight†, actually â€Å"hind-thought†) was the sibling of Prometheus (â€Å"foresight†, truly â€Å"fore-thought†), a couple of Titans who â€Å"acted as delegates of mankind† (Kerenyi 1951, p 207). They were the indistinguishable children of Iapetus, who in different settings was the dad of Atlas. While Prometheus is portrayed as quick and cunning, Epimetheus is delineated as stupid. Attica A fringe (development) in Greece, containing Athens, the capital of Greece. Attica is partitioned into the prefectures of Athens, Piraeus, East Attica and West Attica. Enki A divinity in Sumerian folklore, later known as Ea in Babylonian folklore, initially boss lord of the city of Eridu. He was the divinity of specialties . The specific significance of his name is unsure: the basic interpretation is â€Å"Lord of the Earth†: the Sumerian en is deciphered as a title proportionate to â€Å"lord† Nebuchadnezzar II A leader of Babylon in the Chaldean Dynasty, who ruled c. 605 BC-562 BC. He is well known for his fantastic structure inside his capital of Babylon, his job in the Book of Daniel, and his development of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and known among Christians and Jews for his successes of Judah and Jerusalem. Ionians One of the four principle old Greek phyla or clans, connected by their utilization of the Ionic vernacular of the Greek language whose settlements were found primarily on the Islands among Greece and Anatoliaâ€but whose people groups chose the two drifts too (offering ascend to the eponymously named locale of Ionia), which movements incorporates just the southern zones of the Greek terrain including Athens. Akhenaten Meaning Effective soul of Aten, first known as Amenhotep IV (some of the time read as Amenophis IV and significance Amun is Satisfied) before his first year, was a Pharaoh of the Eighteenth tradition of Egypt. He is particularly noted for endeavoring to propel the Egyptian populace in the monotheistic love of Aten, in spite of the fact that there are questions concerning how fruitful he was at this. Inanna The goddess of affection and war, if Inanna wasn’t lashing on her fight sandals,she was seen strutting around the avenues of her old neighborhood, hauling youngsters out of the bars to engage in sexual relations with her. Regardless of her relationship with mating and ripeness of people and creatures, Inanna was not a mother goddess, and is once in a while connected with labor. Inanna was likewise connected with downpour and storms and with the planet Venus.. Vast It is represented by the vastness sign which resembles an altered number 8. Ii shows the endless forces of a divine being top dog which is boundless. Annunaki A gathering of Sumerian and Akkadian divinities identified with, and now and again covering with, the Annuna (the ‘Fifty Great Gods’) and the Igigi (minor divine beings). The name is differently composed â€Å"da-nuna†, â€Å"da-nuna-ke4-ne†, or â€Å"da-cloister adherent na†, which means something with the impact of ‘those of illustrious blood’ or ‘princely posterity or â€Å"heaven and earth† (Anu-na-ki) The Annunaki show up in the Babylonian creation legend, Enuma Elish. Shamash Means â€Å"sun†. Both in right on time and in late engravings Sha-squash is assigned as the â€Å"offspring of Nannar,† I. e. of the moon-god, and since, in an identification of the pantheon, Sin for the most part outweighs everything else of Shamash, it is in relationship, apparently, to the moon-god that the sun-god shows up as the reliant force. Foundation An establishment of higher learning, research, or privileged enrollment. The name follows back to Plato’s school of theory, established around 385 BC at Akademia, an asylum of Athena, the goddess of astuteness, north of Athens. Sparta A Dorian Greek military city-state, initially focused in Laconia. Sparta accentuated military preparing, and subsequent to accomplishing prominent triumphs over the Athenian and Persian Empires, viewed itself as the regular defender of Greece. The Kings of Sparta were accepted to be the immediate relatives of Hercules. [ Hephaestus The Greek god whose Roman proportionate was Vulcan; he was the divine force of innovation, metal forgers, skilled workers, craftsmans, stone carvers, metals and metallurgy, and fire. He was adored in all the assembling and mechanical focuses of Greece, particularly Athens distinguished by Greek settlers in southern Italy with the spring of gushing lava divine beings Adranus of Mount Etna and Vulcanus of the Lipara islands, and his produce moved here by the writers. Uruk An old city of Sumer and later Babylonia, arranged east of the current bed of the Euphrates, on the line of the old Nil trench, in an area of swamps, exactly 30 km east of As-Samawah, Al-Muthanna, Iraq. Octavian The name Gaius Octavius. His dad, of a similar name, originated from a decent yet undistinguished group of the equestrian request and had been legislative leader of Macedonia. After Octavius’ birth, his dad gave him the name of Thurinus, conceivably to honor his triumph at Thurii over a defiant band of slaves. [ Dialectics A debate, that is, the trading of contentions and counter-contentions separately supporting recommendations (postulations) and counter-suggestions (absolute opposites). The result of the activity may not just be the invalidation of one of the pertinent perspectives, however a union or mix of the contradicting statements. Gaea The Greek goddess exemplifying the Earth. Her Roman comparable was Terra . gets from the Greek words Ge ( ) = Earth

Barangay Information System Essay

Importance of the Study - This investigation was made to discover that the utilization of living arrangement data framework will diminish the ideal opportunity for the exchange of encoding. Likewise in utilizing this framework it can perceive the individual include in this examination. To the Barangay †It will help for them to diminish the ideal opportunity for the exchange of encoding. The framework will be the evaluation like having an arrangement of the barangay for the entirety of its constituents and new individuals who will live in the spot. The framework will be successful in keeping up, looking and putting away of records of all inhabitant in the barangay. To the Residence †For they will be suited effectively for they will have a distinguishing proof that can be utilized to get to their records if there are a few changes to be done in their part. It will likewise be simple for them in mentioning some data and administrations on the grounds that the barangay had as of now have it. This will likewise guarantee the inhabitants that their data is appropriately made sure about and keep up through the control of the proposed framework. To the Secretary of the Barangay †It will assist with arranging the record and screen the data of the home. Remote For additional comprehension of the investigation, the scientists utilized diverse perusing materials identified with the data framework. These materials, for example, books, magazines, papers, theory and other web articles are fundamental in widening the information on the analysts. These will likewise direct the analysts to accomplish their objective goals by getting thoughts on other related examinations and make enhancements as could be expected under the circumstances.  According to Jennifer Rowley (2005), data framework are an apparatus to help data the board. Data frameworks are progressively being utilized in associations with the object of giving upper hand. The data frameworks utilized by associations can be gathered into various kinds, for example, exchange handling framework, official data system,â expert frameworks and office data frameworks. Data Technology has proclaimed the approach of the data society. The University of Minnesota Research and Training Center has discharged its yearly Residential Information Systems Project report. The report furnishes state-by-state insights with long haul inclines on private administrations, settings, populaces and uses for individuals with formative inabilities in state, nonstate, and Medicaid-supported private projects. Attributes of occupants, development and staffing designs in enormous state private offices are incorporated. The report utilizes 2012 information to inspect slants in private backings for individuals with formative incapacities. The report found that most of individuals with IDD that don't live with a relative live in a setting with three or less individuals with IDD, with more than three-fourths offering a home to six of less individuals. The report takes note of that there are huge contrasts in the information between states for some point territories, including setting size, holding up records, and normal uses for HCBS. O’Brien, (2011) characterizes data framework as the sorted out blend of individuals, hardware,software, correspondence systems and information assets, that control, change and disseminateinformation in an association. In halfway satisfaction for the prerequisites in Software Project introduced to the workforce of IT Department Ebora, Vanessa Grace I. Casas, Lori Anne S. Rapisora, Sheryl L. Tambongco, Steven Section 1 The Problem and Its Background Presentation Setting of the Study The examination was led at Barangay Katipunan-Bayani which has a surmised popul.ation of 8,000 inhabitants. The barangay is situated at Rodriguez Ave. Tanay, Rizal. Region guide of Barangay Katipunan-Bayani Hypothetical Framework Applied Framework Articulation of the Problem This talk about the issues of existing framework that will be resolve by the scientist through modernized Residence Information Sysytem 1. Open-source information 2. Back-up capacity incase of misfortune 3. Tedious of documenting application structure 4. Sharing of records 5. Document stockpiling Goals General The scientist intends to build up a framework that will assist the customer with reducing the heap of the barangay staffs in sparing the occupants documents. Explicit 1. Have a security to made sure about all the significant records of the occupants. 2. Have a back-up capacity record if there should be an occurrence of undermining information. 3. Have a system based for simple moving of record required. 4. Have an information base for information stockpiling. Degree and Limitation The framework is intended to have a security for the records to be made sure about thatâ only the approved individual can just deal with the framework. It very well may be saved money on an envelope for document back-up. It has information base for capacity of spared information. It can print archives, for example, Barangay Clearance, Indigency and so on. The framework can't create printed version of all out records of barangay constituents. it didn't contain habitation number.

Montessori Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Montessori - Assignment Example ults for them to copy; the test in raising newborn children may lie on the management of grown-ups, yet numerous grown-ups don’t have the correct information on the most proficient method to prepare up the babies 5. stacking rings †create child’s engine, intellectual aptitudes and self-assurance; object perpetual quality box †permits kid to find changing ideas in the physical world; shape puzzles †will consolidate subjective capacity 100. distinguishing hues (shading booklet, feeling of visual), recognizing portions of the body (portions of the body, feeling of visual), distinguishing objects by feel (protests in paper pack, feeling of touch), distinguishing wellsprings of sound (tape and banner, feeling of hearing) 103. Essential objective: improve sensorial capacity; auxiliary objective: to open the kid to sensorial experience; material: object perpetual quality box; Presentation: permit the youngster to investigate the container and the items inside 1. tossing an apple will remind youngsters that they are squandering what the nature has given them; getting ready different nourishments from apple can assist kids with assessing the numerous things that the earth can accommodate human endurance 3. slow down and work at your child’s pace †kids needs to learn bit by bit yet in a pace related with his involvement with life; share family unit tasks with your kid †this is to guarantee pragmatic application, preparing and introduction 26. Guardians should control their youngsters. The positive thing about presenting the youngster to new innovation is learning things in the development world. It’s additionally helpful due to simple access. Be that as it may, innovation connected to listening movement may prompt preoccupation of child’s center. Moreover, this will lead the kid to be presented to different territories not concerning Montessori preparing. 51. go bounce. The kid giggles. She moans. She eats. She grins. He gestures. He swims. He licks. He grins. She offers gratitude. She said no. she despises it. Go run. Go swim. The feathered creature flies. The pooch barks. The feline howls. The downpour drops. The sun sparkles. the breeze

Cinderella: Difference and German Story Essay

Cinderella and Ashputtle are two unique stories dependent on a similar plot. Ashputtle is a German story, and Cinderella is from France. From what one can tell from perusing the two forms, these two nations can deliver totally different styles of composing. The accounts Ashputtle and Cinderella are fundamentally the same as in plot, yet the subtleties are totally different in various manners. The German story, Ashputtle, is an a lot harsher story. Ashputtle contains more blood and retribution, and has a darker subject to it. In this story, Ashputtle’s father appears to overlook her and not care particularly about her. Likewise in Ashputtle, toward the finish of the story, the stepsisters’ eyes were culled out by feathered creatures, as a discipline for how the acted. The blood scenes happen when the two stepsisters cut off pieces of their feet to endeavor to fit into the glass shoe, and in a matter of seconds after the fact the sovereign acknowledges what's up and takes them back to their home. The French adaptation of the story, Cinderella, is written in a lighter tone. Rather than being loaded up with retribution and blood, it is to a greater extent a serene topic, and nothing truly happens to the stepsisters toward the finish of the story. In Cinderella, her dad despite everything thinks especially about her and adores her, yet he is overruled by his significant other, Cinderella’s stepmother. Another distinction in Cinderella is that there is a pixie guardian, while in Ashputtle, the young lady goes out to her mother’s grave to supplicate and the creatures come out to support her. There are a few manners by which the narratives are comparative. The two stories clearly have fundamentally the same as plots, and the heroes have a similar character and characteristics. The majority of the characters in Ashputtle mirror their relating characters in Cinderella, for example, the stepsisters and the ruler. Both the tales depend on the fantasy of a decent young lady who is inadequately treated, however then she winds up living cheerfully ever after with an attractive sovereign. The narratives have the evil stepmother and stepsisters who treat the young lady gravely. The young lady winds up setting off to the ball and she is viewed as the most delightful young lady there, yet no one perceives her. The sovereign meets her and is astonished by her excellence and graciousness, and he wishes to wed her. Creatures additionally have a significant impact in both of the narratives, as they help out the hero in heading off to the ball. In spite of the fact that the two adaptations of the story are very unique, many key likenesses can unmistakably be seen between the two. The distinctions additionally show how two altogether different societies can deliver a similar story in their own specific manners. Today, the story has gotten worldwide, and it could be fascinating to perceive how different societies may compose their own adaptations. This equivalent circumstance happens with numerous different stories, for example, Snow White or Sleeping Beauty. Obviously, contrasts are constantly found, yet the key likenesses are an approach to connect the various variants.

5 ADHD Friendly Tips for Using a Daily Planner

5 ADHD Friendly Tips for Using a Daily Planner Mastering the art of using a daily time planner is a simple yet powerful skill when you have ADHD. It is the key to managing your life and your ADHD. Your planner becomes your memory prompt, time manager, and organizing aid. Plus, it can help reduce classic ADHD symptoms such as impulsivity, distraction, and procrastination.   A daily planner is a calendar that is divided into days and each day is divided into sections, according to time. You can write down your appointments in the appropriate time slots. Planners have a variety of names, such an agenda, diary or daytime planner. However, the function is always the same. They help you record your commitments to yourself and other people so you remember them. Here are 5 points to consider when you are using your daily planner. Paper or Electronic There can be heated debates about whether paper or electronic planners are best. Both are good, so the key to success is to pick the one that you feel most comfortable using every day. If you love paper and pen and find writing on paper helps to solidify things in your mind, then a paper planner would be a good choice. If, on the other hand, you love gadgets and all things electronic, then a digital planner would be good for you. The benefit of digital planners is they can usually be accessed from multiple devices such as your phone, tablet, and computer. This is a helpful feature when you have ADHD because if you misplace one, you are still able to access your schedule. How Many Planners You Should Have Some people have a planner for work and another for home. However, when you have ADHD it is best just to use one. Having two planners might sound logical, but it can quickly get confusing and overwhelming. Keep it simple and just have one planner for your whole life. What to Write in Your Planner Appointments with other people. These could be meetings for work, personal appointments like visiting the dentist, as well as time with family and friends. Before confirming an appointment, reach for your planner and check if you are available on that day at that time before confirming. Next, write it down immediately before you forget. Appointments with yourself.  These are times you block out in your agenda so you can perform a particular task. For example, it might be an item from your to do list. Making appointments with yourself means you become more productive and time doesnt just slip away.  These appointments also provide mental relief because even if you cant do a task right away, you know exactly when you will have time to do it.   Include Transition Times When you are writing appointments down in your planner, write down the time of the appointment and the time it will take you to travel there. This helps you to arrive on time for all your appointments. The more the use your planner, the better you will get at estimating travel time. Also, schedule transition time between the appointments you book with yourself. This is important when you have ADHD as you need time to disconnect from one task before starting on the next. When you do this, you will avoid feeling irritable, anxious, or angry. How Often Do You Look at Your Planner? In order for planners to be effective, you need to use them regularly! Always look at your planner first thing in the morning to have a clear and up-to-date image of what your day looks like. Also, throughout the day, look at your planner to remind you of your activities and to update it with new appointments as they are arranged. Happy planning.

Study On The Variability In Foreign Exchange Rate - Free Essay Example

1.0. Introduction Variability in foreign exchange (FX) rate has been one of the major economic and financial factors affecting cash flows and common stocks value. After the collapse of post-war Bretton Woods fixed exchange rates in the 1970s, the relative prices of currencies began to fluctuate. The rapid expansion in international trade and adoption of floating exchange rate regimes by many countries led to increase exchange rate volatility. As economic integration and globalization have been increasing year by year, exchange rate movements have become very important source of risk for financial firms as well as non-financial firms. In this context, it is very important to mention that virtually all existing empirical studies estimate currency exchange rate exposures on the basis of share prices. However, the assessment of cash flow and stock price exposures which will be studied in this research will represent a rational alternative to the analysis of stock price exposures. In fact, it is the impact of exchange rate risk on corporate cash flows rather than equity prices per se, that is emphasized in the theoretical literature on corporate risk management, either for tax reasons, managerial performance, bankruptcy, investment decisions or compensation purposes. Jacque (1996) points out that change in a companys earnings due to unexpected foreign currency exchange rate changes relatively to their domestic currency is considered as foreign exchange rate risks. Changes in exchange rates may affect firms profitability and value. Exchange rate changes can also impact on the level of competitiveness of the firms which are exposed to exchange rate risk, or affect the value of their net assets denominated in foreign currencies. Adler and Dumas (1984) show that even firms whose entire operations are domestic may have affects of exchange rates of foreign currencies, if their output and input prices are influenced by currency movements. Moreover, Eiteman et al. (2006) says that in general, firms are exposed to three types of foreign exchange risk: translation exposure, transaction exposure and economic exposure. Translation and transaction exposures are accounting based and defined in terms of the book values of assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency. In practice, economic exposure is computed as the net sensitivity of some aggregate measure of firm value to currency fluctuations. Economic exposure contains of the direct and indirect effects of currency fluctuations by focusing on the net sensitivity. At the corporate level, changes in exchange rates affect the firm value, because future cash flows of the firm will change with exchange rate fluctuations. In other words, exchange rate changes have important implications for financial decision-making and for firm profitability. It is widely believed that changing exchange rates affect the competitiveness of firms engaged in international competition. According to Luehrman (1991), a falling home currency promotes the competitiveness of firms in home country by allowing them to undercut prices charged for goods manufactured abroad. Many simple partial equilibrium models (e.g. Shapiro) predict an increase in the value of the home country firm in response to a real drop in the value of the home currency. Economic theory suggests that under a floating exchange rate regime, exchange rate appreciation reduces the competitiveness of export markets; it has a negative effect on the domestic stock market. Conversely, if the country is import denominated, exchange rate appreciation may have positive affect on the stock market by lowering input costs. Problem statement As economic integration and globalization have been increasing year by year, exchange rate movements have become very important source of risk for financial firms as well as non-financial firms. Also, the internationalization of capital markets has resulted in inflow of vast sums of funds between countries and in the cross listing of equities. This has therefore made investors and firms more interested in the volatility of exchange rate and its effect on stock price and stock market volatility. According to Yucel and Kurt (2003), floating exchange rate appreciation reduces the competitiveness of export markets; and has a negative effect on share prices as well as the domestic stock market. On the other hand, for import dominated country, it may have positive effect on the stock market by lowering input costs. Malaysia presents an example of an open economy which engages in international trade with several countries and hence susceptible to foreign exchange rate volatility. Malaysian exchange and trade system have been liberalized for many years. Malaysia now follows a floating exchange rate policy. Malaysian economy has been suffered from Asian financial crisis 1997 and World financial crisis 2008. As a result volatility in foreign exchange rate and deviation from purchasing power parity might become persistent in the economy. Most of the firms operating in Malaysia are affected in many ways from these economic conditions. The firms have faced higher business risk and foreign exchange risk. However, empirical evidence on the influence of foreign exchange market volatility on stock market is largely inconsistent. These have been in the contest of developed economies. Mishra (2004) found no theoretical consensus on the interaction between stock prices and exchange rate. However, Solnik (2000) argues that there is a negative correlation between stock market and local currency. The openness of a countrys economy is recognized as a cause of volatili ty of its market. Malaysia presents a classic example of an open economy which engages in international trade transaction. Moreover, with advert of globalization, developing economies are becoming more integrated into developed economies as the results of increasing flow of imports and exports. Malaysia is not an exception. A cursory examination of foreign exchange rate history in Malaysia shows some considerable level of volatility. Therefore, it would be interesting to explore the effect of its foreign exchange volatility on cash flows as well as stock prices of its non-financial companies. Again, much work on the effect of the exchange rate volatility in the developing country like Malaysia has not been done. Thus, for that reason the study intended look at the effect of foreign exchange exposure on companies cash flows and stock prices in Malaysia. Research objectives Objective of the current research is to determine whether cash flows and stock prices of companies are affected by exchange rate exposure. This research project attempts to assess the economic exposures of the firms chosen from the Bursa Malaysia Main market. The issues are important for investors as well as corporate risk management. To examine the relationship between cash flows of the companies and exchange rates; To examine the relationship between stock prices of the companies and exchange rates; To determine which currencies have major influence on the companies cash flows? To determine which currencies have major influence on the companies stock prices? Research questions The research aims to find answers to the following questions: Whether cash flows of the companies exposed to exchange rate risk? Whether stock prices of the companies exposed to exchange rate risk? Which currencies have major influence on the companies cash flows? Which currencies have major influence on the companies stock prices? Significance of the study The estimation of exchange rate exposure is a relatively new area in international finance. After 1973, managers and economists become more concerned about the exchange rate fluctuations on firms. Also, for the past decade, researchers have been empirically investigating the exchange rate exposure of the firms. Following Adler Dumas (1984) most of the research measures the exposure as the elasticity between change in firm value and exchange rate. Empirically, this exposure elasticity is obtained from a regression of stock returns on an exchange rate change (Bodnar Wong, 2000). In practice, there is little general agreement on the use of appropriate choice of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"aggregate measure. In this research project it is focused on the impact of economic exposure of Malaysian firms values. Corporate managers will also be interested in the exposures of corporate cash flow measures such as sales, operating cash flow and earnings for reasons of corporate planning and risk management. Scope of the study The current study one of the new studies in international finance and risk management. In general, the research will assess the economic exposures for the companies listed in Bursa Malaysia Main Market from the years 2000 to 2008. For the research, first, all sample companies stock returns will be regressed on exchange rate change and market return. In the second step, companies will be examined according to one specific character, which is export volume. LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction It is also noticeable whether the firms cash flows are sensitive to exchange rate movements. Perhaps we should also point out the fact that Grambovas and McLeay (2006) are convinced that empirical analysis confirm that currency fluctuations may affect firm values, especially with consideration to the influence of foreign exchange rate movements on the firms cash flows and their accounting earnings, and on their stock prices. Previous literature Miller Reuer (1998) conducted a study on the implications of differences in strategy and industry structure for firms economic exposures to foreign exchange rate movements. According to their results, 13-17 % of US manufacturing firms exposed for foreign exchange rate movements. Also they indicated that foreign direct investment reduces economic exposure to foreign exhange rate movements. Martin and Mauer suggest that economic exposure, which typically has a longer-term time dimension, encompasses the competitive and indirect effects of exchange rate risk. Many academics such as Hodder (1982), Marston (2001) Pringle (1995), Shapiro (1975) and von Ungern-Sternberg von Weizsacker (1990) argue that unlike transaction exposure, economic exposure can affect even domestic firms. Economic exposure arises from changes in the sales prices and volumes, and the cost of inputs of the firm and its competitors as a result of exchange rate changes. Miller Reuer (1998) and Sundaram Black (1 992) argued that geographically positioning production, sales, sourcing, and financing operations is effective for reducing economic exposure. Glaum, Brunner and Himmet (2000) examined the economic exposure of German corporations to change in DM/US dollar exchange rate. They found that German firms are significantly exposed to changes in DM/US dollar rate. Several studies focused on the some companies and they demonstrated that exporter firms stock values are more sensitive to change in foreign exchange rates (Mao and Kao, 1990; Bortov and Bodnar, 1992). The study by SÃÆ' ¶hnke M. Bartram (2007) found significant exposure of several firms to at least one of the foreign exchange rates, and significant exposures found by them were more frequent at long-term horizons. They also argue that the impact of exchange rate risk on share prices and cash flows is similar and determined by a correlated set of economic factors. Moreover, Dominguez and Tesar (2006) found that exchan ge rate movements do matter for a significant fraction of firms, though which firms are affected and the direction of exposure depends on the specific exchange rate and varies over time, suggesting that firms dynamically adjust their behavior in response to exchange rate risk. Exposure is correlated with firm size, multinational status, foreign sales, international assets, and competitiveness and trade at the industry level. Martin and Mauer (2003) pointed out that cash flow effects are greater for long-term lags than for short-term lags in exchange rate movements. This result may occur because transaction exposure is easier to assess and hedge, whereas economic exposure is more difficult to recognize and hedge. While Bartram (2007) suggests significant exposure of several firms to at least one of the foreign exchange rates such as CAD, JPY and EUR, and significant exposures determined by Bartram (2007) were more frequent at long-term horizons. The percentage of firms observed fo r which stock price and earnings exposures were considerably different was relatively low, though it increased with time horizon. Finally, he was convinced that the impact of exchange rate risk on stock prices and cash flows is similar and determined by a related set of economic factors. Batram and Karolyi (2006) took a new look at the exposure puzzle by studying the potential impact of the introduction of the Euro on stock returns of 3,220 non-financial firms from 20 countries. Their findings suggest that the introduction of the Euro decreased foreign exchange rate exposure, but these changes are statistically and economically small. According to Tesar and Dominguez (2006), factors such as firm size, multinational status, foreign sales, international assets, and competitiveness and trade at the industry level may influence economic exposure of the companies. These factors may either increase the companies economic exposure or decrease. These factors influence on the companies economic exposure will depend on how significantly these factors are correlated with the companies cash flows and operations, and if there are significant correlation between them, we should also point out whether these significant correlations are positive or negative. Empirical analysis by Grambovas and McLeay (2006) confirmed that exchange rate fluctuations will affect firm values, especially with regard to the influence of exchange rate movements on the cash flows and accounting earnings of companies with international exposure, and on their stock prices. Recent studies by Priestley and Odegaard (2007) studied the exchange rate exposures by orthogonalizing the market returns with respect to changes in exchange rates and a set of macroeconomic factors. Their findings suggest that the extent of exposures is only fully exposed when it is subdivided the sample period into regimes and at the same time used an orthogonalized market portfolio in the regression. Batram and Karoly i (2006) studied the exposure puzzle by looking at the potential impact of the introduction of the Euro on stock returns of 3,220 non-financial firms from different 20 countries. It was found that the introduction of the Euro had decreased foreign exchange rate exposure, but the changes were statistically and economically very small. However, Bae, Kwon, and Li (2008) having studied the exchange rate exposure and risk premium by using data on American depositary receipts (ADR) of Australia, France, Japan and the U.K., found that changes in the exchange rates were negatively correlated with the underlying shares of ADRs, but they were positively correlated to ADR returns observed in the U.S. markets. Moreover, they discovered that U.S. and local investors require different risk premiums for exchange rate risks presented in ADR investments. Griffin and Stulz (2001) found weak evidence of statistically significant exchange rate exposures, and the economic significance of the estimate d exposures was low. A first main study of the foreign exchange exposure fact done by Jorion (1990) found a significant impact of foreign exchange rate risk on share prices for 5.2 percent of the analyzed 287 U.S. MNCs at the 5 percent level. Choi and Prasad 1995 developed a model and examined the exchange rate sensitivity of 409 US multinational firms. Their findings indicated that change in exchange rate affected firm value. They found that 60 percent of firms had significant exchange rate exposure. In their study, Choi and Prasad (1995) found that 14.9 percent of the individual firms in the U.S. and 10 percent of the industry portfolios showed a significant exchange rate exposure at the 10 percent level, corroborating earlier findings. Domely and Sheehy (1996) found contemporaneous relation between the foreign exchange rate and the market value of large exporters in their study. Comparable results were found outside the United States by He and Ng (1998). For instance only s ome multinational companies in Japan (26.3% and 53.8% for different time periods) showed a significant exchange rate exposure with regard to a multilateral exchange rate index. Some studies look into the exposure of industry portfolios in several countries, there were found percentage yields of companies with significant exposure of 15% (United States), 4% (Japan) and 6% (United Kingdom) by Prasad and Rajan (1995), or 23% (United States), 21% (Canada) and 25% (Japan) by Bodnar and Gentry (1993) at the 5% level. Study by Bartram and Karolyi (2006) suggests that the FX rate exposure of non-financial firms is systematically linked to firm characteristics such as sales, the percentage of foreign sales in general and in Europe in particular, regional factors like geography, strength of currency and industry characteristics like competition, traded goods. Study examined by Allayannis and Ihrig (2001) speak about stock price exposure to international trade activities of U.S. industries, an d Bodnar et al. (2002) mention the significance of pass-through for exposure. Moreover, Starks and Wei (2004) found that the scale of exchange rate exposure is linked to proxies for probabilities of financial distress, product uniqueness and growth opportunities. However, the evidence of corporate foreign exchange rate exposures on a cash flow basis is very thin and inadequate to individual case studies. Garner and Shapiro (1984) investigated the foreign exchange rate exposure of Vulcan Materials Company by regressing changes of its quarterly operating cash flows on changes in the exchange rate of USD against GBP, and showed only small and statistically irrelevant foreign exchange rate exposures. Moreover, Oxelheim and Wihlborg (1995) use quarterly changes of total cash flow, commercial cash flow and sales revenue as dependent variables in the exposure analysis of Volvo Cars. Results by Oxelheim and Wihlborg (1995) indicate that the financial situation of the company reduces expo sures with regard to changes in the DEM/SEK exchange rate only to a modest degree. One more study by Bartram (2005) investigated the exposure of a large nonfinancial company based on proprietary internal as well as external capital markets data. Analysis by Bartram (2005) illustrated that the irrelevance of foreign exchange rate exposures of wide-ranging performance measures such as total cash flow and/or share price can be explained by hedging at the company level. Several studies focused on the some companies and they demonstrated that exporter firms stock values are more sensitive to change in foreign exchange rates (Mao and Kao, 1990; Bortov and Bodnar, 1992). In the most of the studies foreign exchange exposure was measured by regression analysis by using stock returns. Adler and Simon (1986) measured economic exposure as the slope of stock return on exchange rate change. Jorions (1990) model was established by adding the return of the market to control for market movemen ts. As Jorion, Booth and Rotenberg (1990) and Bodnar and Gentry (1993) examined economic exposure with market return, Miller and Reuner (2000) estimated economic exposure by multivariate modelling approach. They applied three-currency model, also add some specified macroeconomic variables such overall stock market return and interest rates. Flanney and James (1984) and Sweeney and Warga (1986) also used interest rates in their models. Doneely and Sheehy (1996) formed a porfolio with 39 companies, and examined the relationship between abnormal return on exporting firms portfolio and return on sterling. Khoo (1994) estimated mining companies economic exposure by using exchange rates, interest rates and price of oil. METHODOLOGY 3.0. Economic Exposure Measurement In order to measure Malaysian companies economic exposure I decided to follow Adler Simon (1986) model. I will measure economic exposure as the slope coefficient from a regression of stock returns on exchange rates. R it = ÃŽÂ ±i + ÃŽÂ ²i et + eit (1) ÃŽÂ ±i = constant term R it = Stock return for company i. et = Percentage change in exchange rate The coefficient ÃŽÂ ²i represents the sensitivity of a company is stock returns to exchange rate movements. In the model exchange rate quotation is direct quotation for Malaysia. In other words it is shown as MYR per one unit of the foreign currency. Positive value of ÃŽÂ ²i means that a depreciation of MYR corresponds to an increase in the value of company i. In the study, I will apply another model as Jorion approach. Jorian introduced another macroeconomic variable market return to control for market movements. To control for the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"common macroeconomic influences on total exposure elastici ties; most emprical studies include the return to a market portfolio with the exchange rate variable in their emprical models (Bodnar Wong, 2000). R it = ÃŽÂ ±i + ÃŽÂ ²1i et + ÃŽÂ ²2i Rmt + eit (2) ÃŽÂ ±i = constant term R it = Stock return for company i. et = Percentage change in exchange rate Rmt = Market return Ordinary least squares regression was used to estimate models. Exchange rate movements can be measured in nominal or real terms. Real movements are defined as nominal movements adjusted for price level changes across countries. In some studies (Khoo, 1994; Bodnar and Wong, 2000), since real and nominal exchange rates are highly correlated both or one of them are used. Also in some studies trade weighed foreign exchange rate used. The exchange rate used in the study is real effective exchange rate, which is calculated by the Bank Negara (Malaysian Central Bank). The market index I employ will be FTSE Bursa Malaysia Mid 70 Index. In both mod el, it will be focused on individual firm value. Choi and Prasad (1995) state that examining exchange rate risk on aggregate level, on portfolio or market index, may not reveal the true exchange risk sensitivity of firm value. They claim that a firm level study is necessary to understand whether and why individual firms display varying sensitivity to exchange risk. I follow their approach in my analysis. 3.1. Data In order to examine Malaysian companies economic exposure, I constructed a sample. Sample companies stocks are publicly traded in FTSE Bursa Malaysia market. Only medium and big sized companies will be included. It will be used monthly data to estimate exchange rate sensitivity of the equity for the period from January 2000 to December 2008. Sample companies economic exposure will be examined in two steps. First, all sample companies stock returns will be regressed on exchange rate change and market return. In the second step, companies will be examined according to one specific character, which is export volume. The companies will be divided into two: exporter and non-exporter firms. It will be identified companies as an exporter company, if their foreign sales level is at least 20% of total sales in 2000. Individual stock returns for companies and FTSE Bursa Malaysia market return data will be collected from Bursa Malaysia sources and DataStream in UUM Library.

Ida Tarbell Muckraker, Journalist, Monopoly Critic

Ida Tarbell (November 5, 1857–January 6, 1944) was a critic of corporate power and muckraking journalist. Famous for her exposà ©s  of corporate America and for biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Tarbell was added to the National Womens Hall of Fame in 2000. In 1999, when NYUs Department of Journalism ranked important works of journalism from the 20th century, Ida Tarbells work on Standard Oil made fifth place. She appeared on a U.S. postage stamp in September 2002 in a four-part collection honoring women in journalism. Fast Facts: Ida Tarbell Known For: Writing exposà ©s about corporate monopolies and biographies on historical figuresBorn: November 5, 1857 in Amity Township, PennsylvaniaParents: Franklin Sumner Tarbell Sr. and Esther Ann TarbellDied: January 6, 1944 in Bridgeport, ConnecticutEducation: Allegheny College, Sorbonne, and the University of ParisPublished Works: The History of the Standard Oil Company, The Business of Being a Woman, The Ways of Women, and All in the Days WorkAwards and Honors: Member of the National Womens Hall of FameNotable Quote: Sacredness of human life! The world has never believed it! It has been with life that we settled our quarrels, won wives, gold and land, defended ideas, imposed religions. We have held that a death toll was a necessary part of every human achievement, whether sport, war or industry. A moments rage over the horror of it, and we have sunk into indifference. Early Life Originally from Pennsylvania, where her father made his fortune in the oil boom and then lost his business due to Rockefellers monopoly on oil, Ida Tarbell read widely in her childhood. She attended Allegheny College to prepare for a teaching career. She was the only woman in her class. She graduated in 1880 with a degree in science, but she didnt work as a teacher or a scientist. Instead, she turned to writing. Writing Career She took a job with the Chautauquan,  writing about social issues of the day. She  decided to go to Paris where she studied at the Sorbonne and University of Paris. She  supported herself by writing for American magazines, including writing biographies of such French figures as Napoleon Bonaparte and Louis Pasteur for  McClures Magazine. In 1894, Ida Tarbell was hired by McClures Magazine and returned to America.  Her Lincoln series was very popular, bringing in more than one hundred thousand new subscribers to the magazine.  She published some of her articles as books, including biographies of Napoleon, Madame Roland, and President Lincoln. In 1896, she was made a contributing editor. As  McClures  published more about social issues of the day, Tarbell began to write about the corruption and abuses of public and corporate power. This type of journalism was branded muckraking by President Theodore Roosevelt. Standard Oil and American Magazine Ida Tarbell is best known for the two-volume work, originally nineteen  articles for McClures, on John D. Rockefeller and his oil interests, titled The History of the Standard Oil Company and published in 1904. The exposà © resulted in federal action and, eventually, the breakup of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey under the 1911 Sherman Antitrust Act. Her father, who had lost his fortune when driven out of business by the Rockefeller company,  originally warned her not to write about the company. He feared they would destroy the magazine and that she would lose her job. From 1906 to 1915, Ida Tarbell joined other writers at the American magazine, where she was a writer, editor, and co-owner. After the magazine was sold in 1915, she hit the lecture circuit and worked as a freelance writer. Later Writings Ida Tarbell wrote other books, including several more on Lincoln, an autobiography in 1939, and two books on women: The Business of Being a Woman in 1912 and The Ways of Women in 1915. In these, she argued that womens best contribution was with home and family. She repeatedly turned down requests to become involved in causes like birth control and woman suffrage. In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson offered Tarbell a government position. Though she did not accept his offer, in 1919 she was part of his Industrial Conference and President Hardings 1925 Unemployment Conference. She continued writing and traveled to Italy where she wrote about the fearful despot just rising in power, Benito Mussolini. Ida Tarbell published her autobiography in 1939,  All in the Days Work. In her later years, she enjoyed time on her Connecticut farm. In 1944 she died of pneumonia  in a hospital near her farm.

Movie Analysis The Film Movies - 1323 Words

Different films are composed of different structure, sound, genre, cinematography and of course actors. I think it is safe to say everyone at least once in their lifetime has watched a movie before, it does not necessarily have to be for entertainment it can also be for educational purposes. But how many actually sit and really take in the art of the film itself? To me, movies can be considered a work of art. There are so many things that go into creating a film to ensure that the message is clearly delivered across to the targeted audience. Movies are actually a mirror of life, they focus on real life problems, and the only difference is that the problems are being unfolded on a screen. Movies are such great things because a film could be made in South Africa or even in London, and people all over the world could see it and relate to it. This essay will focus on the differences among three international films, international meaning that they were written and directed by individuals outside of the United States. The three movies assigned for us to watch are: Yesterday, The Stoning of Soraya M, and Red Lantern. Each film mentioned above, contain a different outlook on life and have different film structure in general. The first movie I will be talking about is Yesterday. This is a 2004 South American movie that was written and directed by Darrell Roodt. Roodt himself was born in the city of Johannesburg in South Africa (Botha, 2012). Roodt’s main concern as a director isShow MoreRelatedMovie Marketing Plan1393 Words   |  6 PagesMovie Marketing Plan Ideas and Images Private Limited Executive Summary Situation Analysis Ideas and Images Private Limited was founded in 2010 by students of film making with a vision to develop new trend, and improve film making in Nepal. The main objective is to align innovation and quality in Nepali movie making to help the industry grow and go international. Apabad is their first venture, with which they want to establish themselves as the institution with uncompromising creativityRead MoreArundel Partners Case Analysis Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pages----------------------------------- spootyhead Apr 17, 2007 Arundel Partners Case Analysis ----------------------------------- Arundel Partners Case Analysis Executive Summary: A group of investors (Arundel group) is looking into the idea of purchasing the sequel rights associated with films produced by one or more major movie studios. Movie rights are to be purchased prior to films being made. Arundel wants to come up with a decision to either purchase all the sequel rights forRead MoreArundel Partners Case Analysis Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesArundel Partners Case Analysis Executive Summary: A group of investors (Arundel group) is looking into the idea of purchasing the sequel rights associated with films produced by one or more major movie studios. Movie rights are to be purchased prior to films being made. Arundel wants to come up with a decision to either purchase all the sequel rights for a studios entire production during a specified period of time or purchase a specified number of major films. Arundels profitabilityRead MoreAnalysis Of The United States Is Responsible For A Film Industry1133 Words   |  5 PagesBivariate Analysis The United States is responsible for a film industry that is forever expanding and making a world of difference to films being screened worldwide. Primarily there are two types of films that a studio will choose to produce. The first being a blockbuster film which is defined as â€Å"a very popular or successful, usually big budget production.† Blockbuster films are generically very popular with the public and captivate the audience. The public become invested in these movies throughRead MoreSolutions to Arundel Partners Case1450 Words   |  6 Pageswith films produced by one or more major movie studios. Movie rights are to be purchased prior to films being made. Arundel wants to come up with a decision to either purchase all the sequel rights for a studios entire production during a specified period of time or purchase a specified number of major films. Arundels profitability is dependent upon the price it pays for a portfolio of sequel rights. Our analysis of Arundels prop osal includes a net present value calculation of each movie productionRead MoreMPAA Rating System Essay examples1566 Words   |  7 Pagesobjectionable material in film. Before 1968, the MPAA required that all films follow the guidelines of the Production Code. The Production Code stipulated what was and was not appropriate to appear in films. In 1966, the MPAA elected Jack Valenti president and he changed the code to a rating system based on the amount of objectionable content in a film. The rating system went through several amendments until the current rating system. A controversy arose when The Weinstein Co. film Blue Valentine receivedRead MoreThe Gulf War And Its Effects On Character Portrayal1028 Words   |  5 Pagesmaking it one of the fastest growing films. The movie is based off of a young thief whom seeks a better life in Agrhaba, a city that very much resembles those of Arab countries. Aladdin ironically was being produced â€Å"during the 1991 Gulf War under the Bus h administration. The war lasted six months. It was conflict between Iraq and 34 countries in the U.N., including the United States, trying to return order to Kuwait.† (Nelson, 2009, p.1) With the release of this movie coming just one year after the endRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Arundel Partners 779 Words   |  4 PagesArundel Partners wants to buy the rights to produce the sequels in advance rather than negotiating on a film-by-film basis because otherwise, the studios will have an informational advantage. Later on in the production process, studios will have a greater idea of the quality of the film, making them less likely to sell the rights to more profitable sequels. Advanced rights to the entire portfolio of films mitigates this informational asymmetry and creates an options-pricing model for Arundel. There isRead MoreEssay on Romance Movies and Real Life Relationships1249 Words   |  5 Pagesexperience the highs and lows of love. â€Å"Common themes that revol ve around romantic movies are kissing, love at first sight, tragic love, destructive love, and sentimental love† (Taylor). These themes appear in many historical films and the pattern still continues in modern films as well. Watching romantic movies has a giant negative influence on the viewers analysis of what love and relationships should really be like. These films give the wrong impression of reality when it comes to dating, marriage, havingRead MoreThe Impact Of Movie Release On Tourism Demand Over Countries1612 Words   |  7 PagesTHE IMPACT OF MOVIE RELEASE ON TOURISM DEMAND OVER COUNTRIES: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THAILAND TOURISM INDUSTRY Saisang Apichatvorapong (Management) Directed by Yeujun Yoon ABSTRACT The main purpose of this thesis is to find out more information about the impacts of movie release that has on the tourism demand in Thailand. Since it has been proved that movies can influence tourists to visit a location shown in the movies (Riley Van Doren, 1992), this paper will estimate the number of tourist arrivals

Analysis Of Niccolo Machiavelli - 875 Words

In 16th century Italy, the prince’s response to the suffering of people affected the attitudes and behavior of how they treated the prince. A rulers goal was to secure his reputation holding his power in control without nourishing any hatred on themselves as a leader. A ruler sets an impression, reflecting how their subjects behave by his actions. Niccolo Machiavelli wrote his treatise â€Å"The Prince,† in 16th century Italy. As a political theorist, Machiavelli put his concerns towards cruelty and clemency and argues whether or not it is better to be loved than feared. Machiavelli advises future leaders arguing what makes an ideal ruler and the impact rulers would have on politics. In the excerpt, he refutes what makes a function of a ruler-†¦show more content†¦Machiavellis text â€Å"asserted in general of men† is directing the attention towards the ruler’s men, his people, that their â€Å"ungrateful, fickle false, cowardly, covetous.† This text represents the attitude and personality, men living in the 16th century were capable of being. The men during the 16th century were scheming multiple changes to their interest and minds when they feel obligated to the loved ruler. This affected the rulers status because love to a ruler is â€Å"fickle false.† The rulers men would easily try to take the opportunity to take advantage of the ruler. He who is a loved ruler, is only loved for the actions he can do. And for when the ruler can’t make a gesture for his people, they would turn against their ruler. Which, would affect the rulers power to be in control. Unlike being feared, the rulers people will do as he says, do to the sense of fear and will not cause any trouble. Machiavelli advices rulers to be feared to his people because of being less likely to be fooled and be taken advantage. To secure rulers reputation, holding their power in control without nourishing any hatred on themselves as a leader. A ruler sets an impression, reflecting how their subjects behave by his actions. Machiavelli’s text displays if the ruler does not win love from his people, he has to avoid being hated if he were to be a feared ruler. The ruler must prevent any cruelty acts that would affect his control inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Prince By Niccolo Machiavelli832 Words   |  4 PagesNiccolo Machiavelli (1469–1527) has lived in an era when the Florence, Italy had become the battleground for the foreign forces and was suffering from political destruction. Moreover, an era of the Renaissance was in the process and being a philosopher of renaissance era, he put forward quite controversial theories and philosophies. His comprehensive work The Prince is considered as a remarkable piece of historical writing not only for the age of renaissance but also for the contempora ry age. HeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Prince By Niccolo Machiavelli871 Words   |  4 PagesThe Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli From the moment a child is born from the womb, they are consistently instructed to follow the strict rules of what is classified as morally correct in order to succeed in life, and yet, The Prince, composed by Niccolo Machiavelli of Florence, goes against every word of these such instructions. The Prince is a historically controversially book written for Lorenzo de Medici, intended to assist him in improving the situations occurring in Italy at the time. In thisRead MoreThe Prince By Niccolo Machiavelli Analysis948 Words   |  4 PagesComposed nearly 500 years ago, Niccolo Machiavellis The Prince presents another perspective on the meaning of virtue. Machiavellis definition contended against the idea presented by the Catholic Church. Machiavelli did not force any opinions of his own, somewhat he composed from his experience and whatever theory that prompts activities which created successful results in the political scene of Italy and different nations. While Machiavelli contin ues to be scrutinized for his thoughts, in allRead MoreAnalysis Of The Prince By Niccolo Machiavelli1314 Words   |  6 PagesMACHIAVELLI’S LIVED WORLD: SETTING CONTEXT Niccolà ² Machiavelli’s The Prince was written in a time of political and civil unrest in Italy. For decades the city-state of Florence suffered several political uprisings and the establishment of new governments. From tyrannical rule to the creation of a democratic republic, and finally the re-establishment of the Medici family, The Prince comes from Machiavelli’s lived experiences in these political regimes. Machiavelli blames the division of Italy into city-statesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Prince By Niccolo Machiavelli1094 Words   |  5 PagesPrince, by Niccolo Machiavelli, Machiavelli delineates the requirements to be a successful leader over a powerful state. He suggests numerous times that a prince should govern an empire with a image that is dominant but caring for citizens while ruling ruthlessly and appealing to the people if possible. Machiavelli’s principles of a dominant and ruthless prince may not be globally accepted but they are efficient and ac curate despite the lack in thought of morality and ethics. Machiavelli gives numerousRead MoreAnalysis Of The Prince By Niccolo Machiavelli1755 Words   |  8 PagesNiccolo Machiavelli’s â€Å"The Prince† provides guidelines for how the leader of a state should conduct himself, and the actions he should take to consolidate and maintain power. While Socrates does not explicitly discuss what he believes a good leader should do and how he should act in either â€Å"Apology† or †Crito†, he presents his opinion on how men in general should conduct themselves, and how a government should be run. Based on the accounts given, Socrates would vehemently disagree with Machiavelli’sRead MoreAnalysis Of The Prince By Niccolo Machiavelli1192 Words   |  5 Pagesfocused on the ability of humans to act and not blindly follow a religious plan. Humanists believed God had given humanity options and potential, and humanist thinkers had to act to succeed and make the most of this: it was a duty to be the best. Niccolo Machiavelli, an Italian Humanist, wrote  The Prince  as a guide for his own prince, Lorenzo De Medici, to promote himself into the political arena of Italy. He analyzed power and the way Italy could become its own state and keep control. 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His view on effective leadership was rather harsh and not exactly adopted in the Italian society. As a Renaissance citizen, Machiavelli proved his writing skills through a number of works such as short stories, plays, and histories. His more popular works includedRead MoreEssay on Analysis of The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli517 Words   |  3 Pages The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli is about the origination of a prince. More or less how a prince can start from the bottom and become a great king or die at the feet of his people before reaching his prime. To become a prince there are many different ways which is explain in this book for example To arrive at this position depends not entirely on worth. Stating that there are a number of way you can become a prince by Favor of the people, but must maintain a healthy friendship and offer protection

Gender Inequality And Gender Pay Gap - 1543 Words

In this essay, four theories are assessed in relation to the magnitude of the gender pay gap in the UK. These theories are taste discrimination, statistical discrimination, human capital and occupational segregation. Other research and data are included in this essay as evidence to support the different theories. The four theories covered in this essay all provide some explanation for the gender pay gap in the UK, some more than others – statistical discrimination theory having the highest explanatory power for the magnitude of this pay gap. The gender pay gap can be defined as the difference in the amount of earnings between men and women; and in the UK, as well as other parts of the world, there is an absence of economic equality. In†¦show more content†¦There is also evidence to women being much less likely to become a manager as there are only 32.2% (Allen, 2015) of senior and middle-level managers who are women in 2012 which indicates a ‘glass-ceiling’ that adds to the difference in pay between men and women. Becker’s taste discrimination model is therefore an explanation of the magnitude of the gender pay gap in the UK and it has high explanatory power. This is due to there being a large amount of evidence to support there being an aversion to hiring women and preference of hiring men over women. Another theory that can explain the magnitude of the gender pay gap in the UK is the ‘statistical discrimination’ model that was developed by Phelps, Arrow and Cain. In this mod el, there is differential treatment of members of the minority group because of imperfect information which then leads to discrimination to that group. (Bertrand, Duflo, 2016). In terms of gender pay gap, this model means that different genders are treated differently and because of faulty information about the genders, women are discriminated against resulting in a gender pay gap. This imperfect information comes from applying average characteristics the employer believes they know about women and applying it to individual women who are applyingShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality : Gender Pay Gap975 Words   |  4 PagesThe gender pay gap in Hollywood The gender pay gap is the difference in pay earned by men and the pay earned by women.( Pay Equity Commission, 2012). There are various ways in measuring the pay gap between genders, such as full- time or full- year wage. Statistics Canada data ( 2012) displayed that the gender pay gap in Ontario was 26% for full- time and full- year employments, which means for every C$1 earned by a man, a woman earned 74 cents( Pay Equity Commission,2012).The pay gap has been narrowingRead MoreGender Pay Gap And Gender Inequality2247 Words   |  9 PagesGender pay gaps are defined as the average difference between men’s and women’s aggregate hourly earnings. One of the largest driving factors of the gender wage gap is the fact that men and women, on average, work in different industries and occupations. Women in every state experience the pay gap, but in some states it is worse than others. The pay gap affects women from all backgrounds, at all ages, and of all levels of educatio nal achievement. In 2014, women working full time in the UnitedRead MoreGender Inequality : The Pay Gap1905 Words   |  8 Pagescomposed this informative essay on the chosen topic gender inequality: the pay gap is because I thought it’s an important topic to be explored and it ties into economic inequality. With my revisions, I focused on clarifying certain information I put into my essay from other sources so that women could have better explanations on how this information supports the overall paper. I attempted to cover three core areas that may be contributing to the pay gap in hopes that this would guide their attention onRead MoreThe Inequalities Of The Gender Pay Gap1511 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction It is important to address the systemic inequalities of the gender pay gap. To do this, this essay will use Bacchi (2006) approach to analyse the text â€Å"Speech to HRINZ: The reasons for the Gender Pay Gap† by MP Paula Bennett. This essay will illustrate the theoretical perspective of liberal feminism to show the understanding of the problem, and the solutions of the gender pay gap. This essay will also look at two other theoretical perspectives, social democratic, and anti-racism andRead MoreGender Wage Inequality1630 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussion of gender pay gap without defining it. Simply put, gender pay gap is the inequality between men and women wages. Gender pay gap is a constant international problem, in which women are paid, on average, less than that of their male counterpart. As to if gender pay gap still exist, its exactness fluctuates depending on numerous factors such as professional status, country and regional location, gender, and age. In regards to gen der, in some cases, both men and women have stated that the gap doesRead MoreGender Inequality Of The Financial Sector1498 Words   |  6 PagesGender Inequality in the Financial Sector Inequality based on gender is an ongoing ethical issue that many women still face in the workplace. Gender inequality refers to unfair treatment and perceptions on another person’s gender and tends to happen a lot in many different companies and organizations. These types of inequality can range from women getting paid less then men or women not chosen for high positions in companies such as CEOs. As Hannah Gould points out in her newspaper article, â€Å"WeRead MoreThe Construction And Experience Of Gender Inequality1395 Words   |  6 Pagesconstruction and experience of gender inequality. Men and women are constantly analyzed, compared, and grouped together in society. The result of this yields discrepancies in how sexes are viewed by society. 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For example, the pay gap difference between men and women for not having the â€Å"testosterone bonus† even though the same education and qualifications are present. I ho pe that over time I will be able to experience a change and have the same equal rights as men because I feel

Economics 130 Exam 3 Study Guide - 3071 Words

Economics 130: Exam 3 Study Guide 1) Which market model has the least number of firms? a. Pure monopoly 2) There is no control over price by firms in: a. Pure competition 3) Which is true under conditions of pure competition? a. A large number of firms b. Standardized product (meaning no product differentiation) c. Price takers (no exertion over product price) d. Free entry and exit in and out of the market e. Individual firms have a perfectly elastic demand curve, but whole industries that represent a market do not have a perfectly elastic curve (market demand) f. Ask Kaibara 4) Competitive firms are assumed to: a. See Problem 3 b. Ask Kaibara 5) The demand curve faced by a purely competitive firm: a. Is completely†¦show more content†¦This is also where AVC (average variable cost) is at its minimum. 18) Refer to the above graph. The level of output at which this firm is maximizing an economic profit is: a. Point C, where (P = MR) = MC Use the following to answer question 19: The table shows cost data for a firm that is selling in a purely competitive market. Output Average Variable Cost Average Total Cost Marginal Cost 10 5.00 15.00 3 12 4.00 13.00 4 14 4.75 11.50 6 16 5.75 9.00 9 20 9.00 12.00 14 19) Refer to the above cost chart. If the marginal revenue is $6, what output level will the firm produce? a. 14 units of output 20) The individual firm’s short-run supply curve is that part of its: a. Marginal cost curve that either equals or is above the average variable cost curve. i. (If you look at the graph for Problems 16, 17, and 18, it’s at point A.) ii. (Anything below that point would mean no output or quantity.) Use the following to answer question 21: 21) Refer to the graph on the left. To maximize profits, this firm would produce: a. Profit Maximizing Rule: MR = MC b. Point H Use the following to answer question 22: 22) Based on the graph on the left, the firm is earning: a. Zero economic profits. b. Ask Kaibara Use the following to answer questions 23 and 24: 23) Refer to the graph on the left. It represents a profit-maximizing firm producing under conditions of pure competition. When the firm is inShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of A Child s Nutrition1158 Words   |  5 PagesFruits and vegetables have a very essential role in our diet. Studies have shown the importance of sufficient fruit and vegetable consumption in stopping chronic diseases like cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes and obesity. According to 2000 report, â€Å"2.7 million deaths and 1.8% all diseases worldwide could be attributed to inadequate FV intake† (Najimi, 2013). Starting to eat well when young is important. Research has proven that interventions at a young age can impact good behavior suchRead MoreCssgb7412 Words   |  30 PagesCertified Sixsigma Greenbelt Handbook Practice Questions (Selected from the past ASQ Exam questions and Study guide to match the BOK and Cognitive levels) 1. 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Feudalism and Western Europe free essay sample

Feudalism started when the Vikings came and sacked villages, in the ninth century. Everybody was very scared and they wanted to help and so they went to ask for help. In the Feudal system, Kings, Emperors and other heads had the whole land and then they gave bits of the land to people. In return the heads wanted them to do work for them such as farming, agriculture and other jobs that kings couldn’t do. There was a pyramid that had consisted of all the groups in Feudalism. The pyramid on the left shows the groups in Feudalism. It starts with the King to the Nobles, to the Knights and then to the Peasants/Serfs. On both the side of the pyramid you will see a arrow and the blue arrow means the Kings give land to the people and the green arrow means that they get work done by them and they also get more power and money. We will write a custom essay sample on Feudalism and Western Europe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What factors helped Feudalism to develop in Western Europe during the ninth and the tenth centuries? Describe the major characteristics of the political system of Feudalism. The factors that helped Feudalism to develop in Western Europe were that during the ninth and tenth centuries the people were in desperate for help because first thing was that they didn’t have a proper government order or anything, and the Vikings from Germany had come and sacked the cities, villages and also the Muslims had attacked the southern coasts of Europe. This helped Feudalism develop because when all the people wanted help Feudalism stabilized the people because then they had a type of government and so they were organized. This developed Feudalism because it was an organized way to run a country and so that’s why it spread around Western Europe and because of that it grew a lot and that’s hot it developed. The major characteristics of the political system of Feudalism was the way how they had grouped people, so it started from the Kings, to the Nobles, to the Knights and then to the Peasants/Serfs. Another one of the major characteristics of Feudalism was they way the King owned all the land and  then he gave bits to if to Nobles then from the land the Nobles got they gave a bot of it to the Knights and then from the bit of land the Nobles got they gave a little bit of it to the Serfs/Peasants. Another characteristic of Feudalism was how the King gave bits of land to everybody and then in return he got the people to do work for him, which he couldn’t do such as farming. Conclusion To conclude, Feudalism was a type of government where the Kings owned the whole land and then gave bits of it to everybody. Feudalism gave a lot to the people and the people gave a lot to Feudalism, it helped Feudalism develop. It helped all the people in Western Europe when the Vikings and attacked them. Feudalism helped tremendously because it gave everybody in Western Europe a stabilized government. My opinion on Feudalism is that it was a good type of government for that time because it stabilized and helped people in Western Europe tremendously, but Feudalism is not really the kind of government that would work right now because of all the groupings in it.

Method Efficiently Manga Complex Payloads -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Method Efficiently Manga Complex Payloads? Answer: Introduction This report consists of detail of Point of sale (PoS). Moreover, it could be defined as point of service as it not only deals with sales but with customer returns and new orders. This report is accompanied with the several points such as Point of sales, types of risks, security issues in IT systems, types of telecommunication network and technology. Point of sale (PoS) also stated as point of service as it not only deals with sales but with customer returns and new orders. Industries are gradually adopting POS system as it has eliminated the need of tracking sales manually. Its the central component of businesses for instance it allows merchants to simplify day-to-day business operations. Advantages of POS system It saves time as possessions can be done automatically instead of doing manual operations so it reduces human errors in the long stretch. Deployment of system is easy it also increases the efficiency of the system and reduces data duplications. POS system helps to manage and keep track of all inventories in real time consequently reducing paper work by automatically generation reports. It monitors sales record and shows the alert about daily transactions or when stock is running low which helps to plan new strategies for growth. It is flexible for customers as Customer Relationship Management (CRM) provides ease to trail the record of single or multiple customers and look up past transactions. POS system offers customers more detailed receipts at time of purchase. It saves money as repair and maintenance costs are much lower compared to the old system. It reduces the labour as the accounting processes is simplified and does not require accountant to maintain transactions. It enhanced the ordering system so that customers never run out with hottest deals, this is more comfortable than old fashioned system. POS is more sophisticated and accurate method for providing service. Disadvantages of POS system Via POS system one is completely relying on the software that runs on the network thus software need to be updated on a regular basis. It also requires maintenance fees additional to initial setup. Security risks are high in POS system if the system is not updated on time or updated incorrectly, security fissures can occur. Web based POS system entirely count on reliable internet connection and ISP, if in case there is an internet outage access to system is impossible. Hardware failures are difficult to fix as well as it is time consuming troubleshooting the hardware defect. Competitive advantage is a unique advantage that company has which allows it to gain higher sales volume and fascinating more customers. POS system helps the business to advance competitive advantages by providing customer satisfaction and it differentiates the business from other competitors in market that are offering the same services or goods. It provides detailed reports about what products are lagging in sales so that one can implement innovative marketing strategies to lift sales in the market (Manwani, 2010). It generates deals report on timely basis so that decisions can be taken faster for customer service and transactions are also processed more rapidly hence customers dont need to wait for a long time like others. With the fast growing technologies where everyone expect quick response, POS offers online payment experience to customer for better shopping experience and exceeds customers expectations by central CRM which allows two way communication from anywhere, anytime. POS segregates business from other competitive business by becoming more dynamic and responds to requests and opportunities with excessive efficiency and speed. If in case one tries to expand the business in future POS offers lower upfront cost (B2C, 2018). As per the case study, Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery by using POS, eliminated tracking sales manually and allowed owners to track the sales data instantly at the time of the sale, reduced labour expenses and gained popularity in competitive world with excessive efficiency. Centralized database system is a collection of all logically related databases at one single location. Centralized database is used to improve the performance and processing efficiency of data. Advantages of Centralized database (Retail Tech Inc., 2018) : Data Security: Data assets of an organization are kept confidential and integrated and made available only to authenticated user who has appropriate access of control. It also resolves the problem of data replication. Data Sharing: Data can be shared to multiple sites easily as data is not scattered at multiple locations. Data Recovery: In case of server failure, data can be recovered as backups are done on regular basis. The backup of main (only) server is maintained but in case of failure of backup it creates problem. Data Integrity: As the data is stored at sole location no piece of data is repeated and when the change is necessary, data need to be looked and updated at one place. Reduces costs: Centralized database cuts overall cost as maintenance of single server is less costly than maintenance of multiple servers. Similarly, decreases overall space requirements for data storage. Reliable: Centralized database facilities higher quality which is significantly more consistent than local storage. Centralized databases are easier to maintain, manage and offer high degree of control. Data is independent from any application and can be used from anywhere, anytime. Writing new application is easy as data is not scattered at different places hence it can be retrieved instantly and can be accessed from anywhere in the world. Information can be tracked manually but it is very time consuming and complex process. Tracking the information manually decreases the efficiency as transactions are not updated instantly and number of accountants need to hired and checking the past transaction manually is a difficult job (Armentrout, Hargett and Maximilien, 2011). Automation of sales reporting helps in analysing the scenario deeply and taking resolution accordingly. POS system provides proper alerts when the availability of a product is low, service which is in demand which keeps in decision making for the betterment of an organization (SolutionDots, 2014). Therefore, using POS system is very effective for business activities it reduces paper work, saves time and efforts, makes better customer relations, tracks and manages the system within minutes. POS system require telecommunication network for exchange of information between communicating parties. For transmission of messages, signals or information we need links. Some telecommunication networks that can be used with POS system are: LAN (Local Area Network) - It is a group of computers of same organization and is linked within a same network area. Data transferring speed is around 10Mbps. It can reach around 1000 users. Data transferring speed is around 10Mbps. It can reach around 1000 users. These are managed, owned, and controlled by a single organization. WAN (Wide Area Network) This connects several LANs to one other through a network. Data transferring speed is depends upon the cost of connection which depends on the distance of router. These are owned, managed, and controlled by distributed ownership. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) It connects all the nearby LANs to one other and operates at high speed. It only lets two nodes communicate at a time. These are operated managed, and controlled by government bodies. Telecommunication technologies comprises of wired and wireless technology. Wired technology is the communication between devices by cables where communication in wireless technology is done without cables, transmission occurs over radio waves. Advantage of over wireless network is mobility and freedom to move and work but it comprises in terms of speed and security of data. Wired networks are difficult to install and increasing copper thefts have also supported the use of wireless network (Lifewire, 2018). Though the cost of transmission is high in wireless network but it covers more area for communication. Wireless systems are comparatively maintenance-free as they are easily maintained compared to wired network which require replacement of entire cable wires. POS need to be secured as it stores all the important information related to card numbers, email address private data of an individual. As POS technology is flexible which allows running on any OS such as Windows, Linux, or Unix thats why flaws can be easily inherited. System offer various risks like third party gains access to information by hacking of data, create bombing and using confidential information of users (Gomzin, 2014). Risk management is a process which allows user to take imperative decisions to avoid possible threats. This can be done by applying reasonable controls like Privacy is required to be kept in the collected data (confidential). Therefore, it should be decided who can read, write or modify the data and assures that personal information are processed fairly. Like logging the information should be secured, while scanning credit cards the data should be reserved and properly decided what information can go where. Security of information is very essential part for keeping the information safe in business organization. Organization relies on the data preserved online. It involves protecting the data and keeping the information confidential, available and integrated by properly encrypting the data and ensuring that users are authenticated. Confidentiality is preventing use of data from unauthorised user. In IT word, there are several vulnerable threats which can cause serious damage or significant loss of information as unauthorized user tries to gather information which can be misused and leads to business disruption. Recommendations In todays era, for better growth and development individual should be updated to latest tools and technologies so that they can grow their business rapidly and provide flexibility to customers. Conclusion IT has transformed the method companies are using to conduct business. Using automated and updated technologies has provided great enhancement in companies growth. It has allowed firms to increase their efficiency and effectiveness. References Armentrout, G.H., Do, P.K., Hargett Jr, B.R. and Maximilien, E.M., 2011, Method for more efficiently managing complex payloads in a point of sale system. U.S. Patent. B2C, 2018 , The Importance of Information Technology In Business Today,viewed 24 January,https://www.business2community.com/tech-gadgets/importance-information-technology-business-today-01393380. Gomzin, S 2014, Hacking Point of Sale: Payment Application Secrets, Threats, and Solutions, John Wiley Sons. Lifewire, 2018, Kinds of Area Networks, viewed 24 January, https://www.lifewire.com/lans-wans-and-other-area-networks-817376. Manwani, S 2010, IT-Enabled Buisness Change, BCS Learning Development Limited. Retail Tech Inc., 2018, Benefits of Using a Point of Sale (POS) System, viewed 24 January, https://retailtechinc.com/techtopicks/top-10-benefits-of-using-a-point-of-sale-pos-system/. SolutionDots, 2014 , Top 25 Advantages of Point of Sale System ,viewed 24 January, https://solutiondots.com/blog/point-of-sale-system.html. Szell, M., Lambiotte, R. and Thurner, S., 2010. Multirelational organization of large-scale social networks in an online world.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,107(31), pp.13636-