Definition of Terms Essay

A pre-Socratic Greek realist logician. Democritus was an understudy of Leucippus and co-originator of the conviction that all issue is comprised of different perpetual, inseparable components which he called atoma or â€Å"indivisible units†, from which we get the English word particle. Mesopotamia A support of progress topographically situated between the Tigris and Euphrates streams, to a great extent relating to advanced Iraq. Sumer in southern Mesopotamia is normally viewed as the world’s most punctual progress. Urban communities in Mesopotamia later filled in as capitals of the Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Mitanni, Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, Parthian, Sassanid and Abbasid realms. Thought An idea or deliberation framed and existing in the brain. Human capacity to ponder thoughts is related with the capacity of thinking, self-reflection, and the capacity to get and apply mind. Further, thoughts offer ascent to real ideas, or psyche speculations, which are the reason for any sort of information whether science or theory. Humbaba A massive monster of prehistoric age raised by Utu, the Sun. Humbaba orHuwawa was likewise the watchman of the Cedar Forest where the divine beings lived. Anubis The Greek name for the antiquated jackal-headed divine force of the dead in Egyptian folklore whose hieroglyphic variant is all the more precisely spelled Anpu. He is otherwise called Sekhem Em Pet. Supplications to Anubis have been discovered cut on the most antiquated burial places in Egypt; without a doubt, the Unas text (line 70) partners him with the Eye of Horus. He fills in as both a guide of the as of late withdrew and a gatekeeper of the dead. Kumarbi bit off the private parts of Anu and spat out three new divine beings. This is connected in the Hittite fantasy Kingship in Heaven: Alalu was toppled by Anu who was thus ousted by Kumarbi. At the point when Anu attempted to escape Kumarbi gnaws off his privates. Anu tells his child that he is currently pregnant with the Teshub, Tigris and Tasmisu. After hearing this Kumarbi spit the semen upon the ground and it became impregnated with two kids. Kumarbi gets pregnant and is sliced open to convey Tesub. Together, Anu and Teshub dismiss Kumarbi Tammuz Tammuz was set up to pay tribute to the eponymous god Tammuz, who began as a Sumerian shepherd-god, Dumuzid or Dumuzi, the partner of Inanna and, in his Akkadian structure, the equal associate of Ishtar. The Syrian Adonis (â€Å"lord†), who was brought into the Greek pantheon, is another partner of Tammuz,son and associate. The Aramaic name â€Å"Tammuz† appears to have been gotten from the Akkadian structure Tammuzi, in view of early Sumerian Damu-zid. Theocracy A type of government where political influence successfully rests with a little tip top fragment of society (regardless of whether recognized by riches, family or military forces). The word theocracy is from the Greek words for â€Å"few†. Aton was the focal point of Akhenaten’s religion, yet seeing Aton as Akhenaten’s god is a disentanglement. Aton is the name given to speak to the sun based plate. The term Aton was utilized to assign a plate, and since the sun was a circle, slowly became related with sun oriented divinities. Aton communicates in a roundabout way the nurturing power of light. Babylon A city of old Mesopotamia, the remnants of which can be found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq, around 85 kilometers (55 mi) south of Baghdad. It was the â€Å"holy city† of Babylonia from around 2300 BC, and the seat of the Neo-Babylonian Empire from 612 BC. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The Iliad The sonnet concerns occasions during the tenth and last year in the attack of the city of Ilion, or Troy, by the Greeks (See Trojan War). The word Iliad implies â€Å"pertaining to Ilion† (in Latin, Ilium), the city legitimate, instead of Troy (in Greek, , Troia; in Latin, Troia), the state based on Ilium, over which Priam ruled. The names Ilium and Troy are regularly utilized reciprocally. Hyksos An Asiatic people who attacked the eastern Nile Delta, starting the Second Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt. They rose to control in the seventeenth century BC, (as indicated by the conventional order) and managed Lower and Middle Egypt for a long time, framing the Fifteenth and conceivably the Sixteenth Dynasties of Egypt, (c. 1648â€1540 BC). [1] This 108-year time frame follows the Turin Canon, which gives the six lords of the Hyksos fifteenth Dynasty an all out rule length of 108 years. [2] Epimetheus Epimetheus (â€Å"hindsight†, actually â€Å"hind-thought†) was the sibling of Prometheus (â€Å"foresight†, truly â€Å"fore-thought†), a couple of Titans who â€Å"acted as delegates of mankind† (Kerenyi 1951, p 207). They were the indistinguishable children of Iapetus, who in different settings was the dad of Atlas. While Prometheus is portrayed as quick and cunning, Epimetheus is delineated as stupid. Attica A fringe (development) in Greece, containing Athens, the capital of Greece. Attica is partitioned into the prefectures of Athens, Piraeus, East Attica and West Attica. Enki A divinity in Sumerian folklore, later known as Ea in Babylonian folklore, initially boss lord of the city of Eridu. He was the divinity of specialties . The specific significance of his name is unsure: the basic interpretation is â€Å"Lord of the Earth†: the Sumerian en is deciphered as a title proportionate to â€Å"lord† Nebuchadnezzar II A leader of Babylon in the Chaldean Dynasty, who ruled c. 605 BC-562 BC. He is well known for his fantastic structure inside his capital of Babylon, his job in the Book of Daniel, and his development of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and known among Christians and Jews for his successes of Judah and Jerusalem. Ionians One of the four principle old Greek phyla or clans, connected by their utilization of the Ionic vernacular of the Greek language whose settlements were found primarily on the Islands among Greece and Anatoliaâ€but whose people groups chose the two drifts too (offering ascend to the eponymously named locale of Ionia), which movements incorporates just the southern zones of the Greek terrain including Athens. Akhenaten Meaning Effective soul of Aten, first known as Amenhotep IV (some of the time read as Amenophis IV and significance Amun is Satisfied) before his first year, was a Pharaoh of the Eighteenth tradition of Egypt. He is particularly noted for endeavoring to propel the Egyptian populace in the monotheistic love of Aten, in spite of the fact that there are questions concerning how fruitful he was at this. Inanna The goddess of affection and war, if Inanna wasn’t lashing on her fight sandals,she was seen strutting around the avenues of her old neighborhood, hauling youngsters out of the bars to engage in sexual relations with her. Regardless of her relationship with mating and ripeness of people and creatures, Inanna was not a mother goddess, and is once in a while connected with labor. Inanna was likewise connected with downpour and storms and with the planet Venus.. Vast It is represented by the vastness sign which resembles an altered number 8. Ii shows the endless forces of a divine being top dog which is boundless. Annunaki A gathering of Sumerian and Akkadian divinities identified with, and now and again covering with, the Annuna (the ‘Fifty Great Gods’) and the Igigi (minor divine beings). The name is differently composed â€Å"da-nuna†, â€Å"da-nuna-ke4-ne†, or â€Å"da-cloister adherent na†, which means something with the impact of ‘those of illustrious blood’ or ‘princely posterity or â€Å"heaven and earth† (Anu-na-ki) The Annunaki show up in the Babylonian creation legend, Enuma Elish. Shamash Means â€Å"sun†. Both in right on time and in late engravings Sha-squash is assigned as the â€Å"offspring of Nannar,† I. e. of the moon-god, and since, in an identification of the pantheon, Sin for the most part outweighs everything else of Shamash, it is in relationship, apparently, to the moon-god that the sun-god shows up as the reliant force. Foundation An establishment of higher learning, research, or privileged enrollment. The name follows back to Plato’s school of theory, established around 385 BC at Akademia, an asylum of Athena, the goddess of astuteness, north of Athens. Sparta A Dorian Greek military city-state, initially focused in Laconia. Sparta accentuated military preparing, and subsequent to accomplishing prominent triumphs over the Athenian and Persian Empires, viewed itself as the regular defender of Greece. The Kings of Sparta were accepted to be the immediate relatives of Hercules. [ Hephaestus The Greek god whose Roman proportionate was Vulcan; he was the divine force of innovation, metal forgers, skilled workers, craftsmans, stone carvers, metals and metallurgy, and fire. He was adored in all the assembling and mechanical focuses of Greece, particularly Athens distinguished by Greek settlers in southern Italy with the spring of gushing lava divine beings Adranus of Mount Etna and Vulcanus of the Lipara islands, and his produce moved here by the writers. Uruk An old city of Sumer and later Babylonia, arranged east of the current bed of the Euphrates, on the line of the old Nil trench, in an area of swamps, exactly 30 km east of As-Samawah, Al-Muthanna, Iraq. Octavian The name Gaius Octavius. His dad, of a similar name, originated from a decent yet undistinguished group of the equestrian request and had been legislative leader of Macedonia. After Octavius’ birth, his dad gave him the name of Thurinus, conceivably to honor his triumph at Thurii over a defiant band of slaves. [ Dialectics A debate, that is, the trading of contentions and counter-contentions separately supporting recommendations (postulations) and counter-suggestions (absolute opposites). The result of the activity may not just be the invalidation of one of the pertinent perspectives, however a union or mix of the contradicting statements. Gaea The Greek goddess exemplifying the Earth. Her Roman comparable was Terra . gets from the Greek words Ge ( ) = Earth